1 ±äƵ¼¼ÊõµÄ·¢Õ¹¹ý³Ì ±äƵ¼¼ÊõÊÇÓ¦½»Á÷µç»ú**µ÷ËÙµÄÐèÒª¶øµ®ÉúµÄ¡£20ÊÀ¼Í60Äê´úºó°ëÆÚ¿ªÊ¼£¬µçÁ¦µç×ÓÆ÷¼þ´ÓSCR(¾§Õ¢¹Ü)¡¢GTO(ÃÅ*¿É¹Ø¶Ï¾§Õ¢¹Ü)¡¢BJT(Ë«*Ð͹¦Âʾ§Ìå¹Ü)¡¢MOSFET(½ðÊôÑõ»¯ÎﳡЧӦ¹Ü)¡¢SIT(¾²µç¸ÐÓ¦¾§Ìå¹Ü)¡¢SITH(¾²µç¸ÐÓ¦¾§Õ¢¹Ü)¡¢MCT(MOS¿ØÖƾ§Ìå¹Ü)¡¢MCT(MOS¿ØÖƾ§Õ¢¹Ü)·¢Õ¹µ½½ñÌìµÄIGBT(¾øԵդ˫*Ð;§Ìå¹Ü)¡¢HVIGBT(Ä͸ßѹ¾øԵդ˫*Ð;§Õ¢¹Ü)£¬Æ÷¼þµÄ¸üдÙʹµçÁ¦±ä»»¼¼ÊõµÄ²»¶Ï·¢Õ¹¡£20ÊÀ¼Í70Äê´ú¿ªÊ¼£¬Âö¿íµ÷ÖƱäѹ±äƵ(PWM-VVVF)µ÷ËÙÑо¿ÒýÆðÁËÈËÃǵĸ߶ÈÖØÊÓ¡£20ÊÀ¼Í80Äê´ú£¬×÷Ϊ±äƵ¼¼ÊõºË*µÄPWMģʽÓÅ»¯ÎÊÌâÎüÒý×ÅÈËÃǵÄŨºñÐËȤ£¬²¢µÃ³öÖî¶àÓÅ»¯Ä£Ê½£¬ÆäÖÐÒÔ°°Ðβ¨PWMģʽЧ¹û*¼Ñ¡£20ÊÀ¼Í80Äê´úºó°ëÆÚ¿ªÊ¼,*¡¢ÈÕ¡¢µÂ¡¢Ó¢µÈ·¢´ï**µÄVVVF±äƵÆ÷ËÈͶÈëÊг¡²¢¹ã·ºÓ¦ÓᣠVVVF±äƵÆ÷µÄ¿ØÖÆÏà¶Ô¼òµ¥£¬»úеÌØÐÔÓ²¶ÈÒ²½ÏºÃ£¬Äܹ»Âú×ã*°ã´«¶¯µÄƽ»¬µ÷ËÙÒªÇó£¬ÒÑÔÚ²úÒµµÄ¸÷¸ö*ÓòµÃµ½¹ã·ºÓ¦Óᣵ«ÊÇ£¬ÕâÖÖ¿ØÖÆ·½Ê½ÔÚµÍƵʱÓÉÓÚÊä³öµçѹ½ÏС£¬Êܶ¨×Óµç×èѹ½µµÄÓ°Ïì±È½ÏÏÔÖø,¹ÊÔì³ÉÊä³ö*´óת¾Ø¼õС¡£ÁíÍ⣬Æä»úеÌØÐÔÖÕ¾¿Ã»ÓÐÖ±Á÷µç¶¯»úÓ²£¬¶¯Ì¬×ª¾ØÄÜÁ¦ºÍ¾²Ì¬µ÷ËÙÐÔÄܶ¼»¹²»¾¡ÈçÈËÒ⣬Òò´ËÈËÃÇÓÖÑо¿³öʸÁ¿¿ØÖƱäƵµ÷ËÙ¡£ ʸÁ¿¿ØÖƱäƵµ÷ËÙµÄ×ö·¨ÊÇ:½«Òì²½µç¶¯»úÔÚÈýÏà×ø±êϵϵĶ¨×Ó½»Á÷iA¡¢iB¡¢iCͨ¹ýÈýÏà¨D¶þÏà±ä»»£¬µÈЧ³ÉÁ½Ïྲֹ×ø±êϵϵĽ»Á÷µçÁ÷iα¡¢i⣬ÔÙͨ¹ý°´×ª×Ӵų¡¶¨ÏòÐýת±ä»»£¬µÈЧ³Éͬ²½Ðýת×ø±êϵϵÄÖ±Á÷µçÁ÷IM¡¢IT(IMÏ൱ÓÚÖ±Á÷µç¶¯»úµÄÀø´ÅµçÁ÷£¬ITÏ൱ÓÚÓëת¾Ø³ÉÕý±ÈµÄµçÊàµçÁ÷)¡£È»ºóÄ£·ÂÖ±Á÷µç¶¯»úµÄ¿ØÖÆ·½·¨£¬ÇóµÃÖ±Á÷µç¶¯»úµÄ¿ØÖÆÁ¿£¬¾¹ýÏàÓ¦µÄ×ø±ê·´±ä»»£¬ÊµÏÖ¶ÔÒì²½µç¶¯»úµÄ¿ØÖÆ¡£ ʸÁ¿¿ØÖÆ·½·¨µÄÌá³ö¾ßÓл®Ê±´úµÄÒâÒ塣Ȼ¶øÔÚʵ¼ÊÓ¦ÓÃÖУ¬ÓÉÓÚת×Ó´ÅÁ´ÄÑÒÔ׼ȷ¹Û²â£¬ÏµÍ³ÌØÐÔÊܵ綯»ú²ÎÊýµÄÓ°Ïì½Ï´ó£¬ÇÒÔÚµÈЧֱÁ÷µç¶¯»ú¿ØÖƹý³ÌÖÐËùÓÃʸÁ¿Ðýת±ä»»½Ï¸´ÔÓ£¬Ê¹µÃʵ¼ÊµÄ¿ØÖÆЧ¹ûÄÑÒÔ´ïµ½ÀíÏë·ÖÎöµÄ½á¹û¡£ 1985Ä꣬µÂ*³¶û´óѧµÄDcpenbrock½ÌÊÚ*´ÎÌá³öÁËÖ±½Óת¾Ø¿ØÖƱäƵ¼¼Êõ¡£¸Ã¼¼ÊõÔںܴó³Ì¶ÈÉϽâ¾öÁËÉÏÊöʸÁ¿¿ØÖƵIJ»×㣬²¢ÒÔÐÂÓ±µÄ¿ØÖÆ˼Ïë¡¢¼ò½àÃ÷Á˵Äϵͳ½á¹¹¡¢ÓÅÁ¼µÄ¶¯¾²Ì¬ÐÔÄܵõ½ÁËѸËÙ·¢Õ¹¡£ÈÕÇ°£¬¸Ã¼¼ÊõÒѳɹ¦µØÓ¦ÓÃÔÚµçÁ¦»ú³µÇ£ÒýµÄ´ó¹¦Âʽ»Á÷´«¶¯ÉÏ¡£ Ö±½Óת¾Ø¿ØÖÆÖ±½ÓÔÚ¶¨×Ó×ø±êϵÏ·ÖÎö½»Á÷µç¶¯»úµÄÊýѧģÐÍ¡£¿ØÖƵ綯»úµÄ´ÅÁ´ºÍת¾Ø¡£Ëü²»ÐèÒª½«½»Á÷µç¶¯»ú»¯³ÉµÈЧֱÁ÷µç¶¯»ú£¬Òò¶øÊ¡È¥ÁËʸÁ¿Ðýת±ä»»ÖеÄÐí¶à¸´ÔÓ¼ÆËã;Ëü²»ÐèҪģ·ÂÖ±Á÷µç¶¯»úµÄ¿ØÖÆ£¬Ò²²»ÐèҪΪ½âñî¶ø¼ò»¯½»Á÷µç¶¯»úµÄÊýѧģÐÍ¡£
VVVF±äƵ¡¢Ê¸Á¿¿ØÖƱäƵ¡¢Ö±½Óת¾Ø¿ØÖƱäƵ¶¼Êǽ»-Ö±-½»±äƵÖеÄ*ÖÖ¡£Æ乲ͬȱµãÊÇÊäÈ빦ÂÊÒòÊýµÍ£¬Ð³²¨µçÁ÷´ó£¬Ö±Á÷»Ø·ÐèÒª´óµÄ´¢ÄܵçÈÝ£¬ÔÙÉúÄÜÁ¿ÓÖ²»ÄÜ·´À¡»ØµçÍø£¬¼´²»ÄܽøÐÐËÄÏóÏÞÔËÐС£Îª´Ë£¬¾ØÕóʽ½»-½»±äƵӦÔ˶øÉú¡£ÓÉÓÚ¾ØÕóʽ½»¨D½»±äƵʡȥÁËÖмäÖ±Á÷»·½Ú£¬´Ó¶øÊ¡È¥ÁËÌå»ý´ó¡¢¼Û¸ñ¹óµÄµç½âµçÈÝ¡£ËüÄÜʵÏÖ¹¦ÂÊÒòÊýΪ1£¬ÊäÈëµçÁ÷ΪÕýÏÒÇÒÄÜËÄÏóÏÞÔËÐУ¬ÏµÍ³µÄ¹¦ÂÊÃܶȴ󡣸ü¼ÊõÄ¿Ç°ËäÉÐδ³ÉÊ죬µ«ÈÔÎüÒý×ÅÖÚ¶àµÄѧÕßÉîÈëÑо¿¡£
20ÊÀ¼Í70Äê´ú£¬*ÓõçÆ÷¿ªÊ¼Öð²½±äƵ»¯£¬³öÏÖÁ˵ç´ÅÅëâ¿Æ÷¡¢±äƵÕÕÃ÷Æ÷¾ß¡¢±äƵ¿Õµ÷Æ÷¡¢±äƵ΢²¨Â¯¡¢±äƵµç±ùÏä¡¢IH(¸ÐÓ¦¼ÓÈÈ)·¹ìÒ¡¢±äƵϴÒ»úµÈ¡£
20ÊÀ¼Í90Äê´úºó°ëÆÚ£¬*ÓõçÆ÷ÔòÒÀÍбäƵ¼¼Êõ£¬Ö÷ÒªÃé×¼¸ß¹¦ÄܺÍÊ¡µç¡£±ÈÈ磬ҪÇó¾ßÓиßËٸ߳öÁ¦¡¢¿ØÖÆÐÔÄܺá¢Ð¡ÐÍÇáÁ¿¡¢´óÈÝÁ¿¡¢¸ßÊæÊʸС¢³¤ÊÙÃü¡¢°²È«¿É¿¿¡¢¾²Òô¡¢Ê¡µçµÈÓŵ㡣
*ÏÈÊǵç±ùÏ䣬ÓÉÓÚËü´¦ÓÚÈ«Ì칤×÷£¬²ÉÓñäƵÖÆÀäºó£¬Ñ¹Ëõ»úʼÖÕ´¦ÔÚµÍËÙÔËÐÐ״̬£¬¿ÉÒÔ³¹µ×Ïû³ýÒòѹËõ»úÆð¶¯ÒýÆðµÄÔëÉù£¬½ÚÄÜЧ¹û¸ü¼ÓÃ÷ÏÔ¡£
Æä´Î£¬¿Õµ÷Æ÷ʹÓñäƵºó£¬À©´óÁËѹËõ»úµÄ¹¤×÷·¶Î§£¬²»ÐèҪѹËõ»úÔÚ¶ÏÐø״̬ÏÂÔËÐоͿÉʵÏÖÀ䡢ů¿ØÖÆ£¬´ïµ½½µµÍµçÁ¦ÏûºÄ£¬Ïû³ýÓÉÓÚζȱ䶯¶øÒýÆðµÄ²»ÊʸС£½üÄêÀ´£¬ÐÂʽµÄ¿Õµ÷Æ÷ÒѲÉÓÃ*Ë¢Ö±Á÷µç¶¯»úʵÏÖ±äƵµ÷ËÙ£¬Æä½ÚÄÜЧ¹û½Ï½»Á÷Òì²½µç¶¯»ú±äƵÓÖÌá¸ßÔ¼10£¥¡«15£¥¡£ÎªÁ˽ø*²½Ìá¸ß×°ÖõÄЧÄÜ£¬½üÄêÀ´£¬ÈÕ±¾µÄ¿Õµ÷Æ÷ÓÖÖð²½´Óµ¥´¿µÄPWM¿ØÖƸÄΪPWM+PAM»ìºÏ¿ØÖÆ·½Ê½¡£¼´½ÏµÍËÙʱ²ÉÓÃPWM¿ØÖÆ£¬±£³ÖU/fΪ*¶¨;µ±×ªËÙ´óÓÚ*¶¨ÖµÊ±£¬½«µ÷Öƹ̶¨ÔÚ*´óÖµ¸½½ü£¬Í¨¹ý¸Ä±äÖ±Á÷Õ¶²¨Æ÷µÄµ¼Í¨Õ¼¿Õ±È£¬Ìá¸ßÄæ±äÆ÷ÊäÈëÖ±Á÷µçѹֵ£¬´Ó¶ø±£³Ö±äƵÆ÷Êä³öµçѹºÍתËٳɱÈÀý£¬Õâ*ÇøÓò³ÆΪPAMÇø¡£²ÉÓûìºÏ¿ØÖÆ·½Ê½ºó£¬±äƵÆ÷µÄÊäÈ빦ÂÊÒòÊý¡¢µç»úЧÂÊ¡¢×°ÖÃ×ÛºÏЧÂʶ¼±Èµ¥*PWM¿ØÖÆʱÓнϴó·ù¶ÈµÄÌá¸ß¡£
½üÄêÀ´£¬ÐÂʽµÄ±äƵÀä²Ø¿â²»µ«ºÄµçÁ¿¼õÉÙ¡¢ÊµÏÖ¾²Òô»¯£¬¶øÇÒÀûÓøßËÙÔËÐ*ÜʵÏÖ´ó·ù¶ÈµÄ¿ìËÙÀ䶳;ÔÚÏ´Ò»ú·½Ã棬¹ýȥʹÓñäƵʵÏֿɱäËÙ¿ØÖÆ£¬Ìá¸ßÏ´¾»ÐÔÄÜ£¬ÐÂÁ÷ÐеÄÏ´Ò»ú³ýÁ˽ÚÄܺ;²Òô»¯Í⣬»¹ÔÚÈ·±£ÒÂÎïÈáºÍÏ´µÓµÈ·½ÃæÍƳöеĿØÖÆÄÚÈÝ;µç´ÅÅëâ¿Æ÷ÀûÓøßƵ¸ÐÓ¦¼ÓÈÈʹ¹ø×ÓÖ±½Ó·¢ÈÈ£¬Ã»ÓÐȼÆøºÍµç¼ÓÈȵijãÈȲ¿·Ö£¬Òò´Ë²»µ«°²È«£¬»¹´ó·ù¶ÈÌá¸ß¼ÓÈÈЧÂÊ£¬Æ乤×÷ƵÂʸßÓÚÌý¾õƵÂÊÖ®ÉÏ£¬´Ó¶øÏû³ýÁË·¹¹øÕñ¶¯ÒýÆðµÄÔëÉù;IHµç·¹ìҵõ½µÄ»ðÁ¦±Èµç¼ÓÈÈÆ÷¸üÇ¿£¬¶øÇÒÀûÓñäƵ¿ÉÒÔ½øÐлðÁ¦Î¢µ÷£¬Ö»ÒªºÏÀíÉè¼Æ¼ÓÈȸÐÓ¦ÏßȦ£¬¿ÉµÃµ½ÈÎÒâµÄ¼ÓÈȲ¼¾Ö£¬´¶·¹ÐÔÄÜÉÏÁË*¸öµµ´Î;±äƵ΢²¨Â¯ÀûÓøßƵµçÄܸø´Å¿Ø¹Ü±ØÒªµÄÉýѹÇý¶¯£¬µçÔ´½á¹¹Ð¡£¬Â¯ÄÚ¿Õ¼ä¸ü¿í³¨£¬ÐÂʽ΢²¨Â¯ÄÜÈÎÒâµ÷½ÚµçÁ¦£¬²¢¸ù¾Ý²»Í¬Ê³Æ·Ñ¡Ôñ*¼Ñ¼ÓÈÈ·½Ê½£¬Ëõ¶Ìʱ¼ä£¬½µµÍµçºÄ;ÕÕÃ÷·½Ã棬ӫ¹âµÆʹÓøßƵÕÕÃ÷£¬¿ÉÌá¸ß·¢¹âЧÂÊ£¬ÊµÏÖ½ÚÄÜ£¬*ÉÁ˸£¬Ò×µ÷¹â£¬ÆµÂÊÈÎÒâ¿Éµ÷£¬ÕòÁ÷Æ÷СÐÍÇáÁ¿¡£ ±äƵ¼¼ÊõÕýÔÚ¸øÐÎÐÎÉ«É«µÄ*µç´øÀ´ÐµĸïÃü£¬²¢½«¸øÓû§´øÀ´¸ü´óµÄ¸£Òô¡£½ñºó±äƵ¼¼Êõ»¹½«Ëæ×ŵçÁ¦µç×ÓÆ÷¼þ¡¢ÐÂÐ͵çÁ¦±ä»»ÍØÆ˵ç·¡¢Â˲¨¼°ÆÁ±Î¼¼ÊõµÄ½ø²½¶ø·¢Õ¹¡£*ÓÃÌ«ÑôÄÜ·¢µçϵͳ»¹½«¸ø*µçÔöÌíеÄÄÜÔ´¡£ 3 µçÁ¦µç×Ó×°ÖôøÀ´µÄΣº¦¼°¶Ô²ß
µçÁ¦µç×Ó×°ÖÃÖеÄÏà¿ØÕûÁ÷ºÍ²»¿É¿Ø¶þ*¹ÜÕûÁ÷ʹÊäÈëµçÁ÷²¨Ðη¢ÉúÑÏÖØ»û±ä£¬²»µ«´ó´ó½µµÍÁËϵͳµÄ¹¦ÂÊÒòÊý£¬»¹ÒýÆðÁËÑÏÖصÄг²¨ÎÛȾ¡£ÁíÍ⣬Ӳ¼þµç·ÖеçѹºÍµçÁ÷µÄ¼±¾ç±ä»¯£¬Ê¹µÃµçÁ¦µç×ÓÆ÷¼þ³ÐÊܴܺóµÄµçÓ¦Á¦£¬²¢¸øÖÜΧµÄµçÆøÉ豸¼°µç²¨Ôì³ÉÑÏÖصĵç´Å¸ÉÈÅ(EMl)£¬¶øÇÒÇé¿öÈÕÇ÷ÑÏÖØ¡£Ðí¶à**¶*ÑÖƶ¨ÁËÏÞÖÆг²¨µÄ**±ê×¼£¬*¼ÊµçÆøµç×Ó¹¤³Ìʦлá(1EEE)¡¢*¼Êµç¹¤Î¯Ô±»á(1EC)ºÍ*¼Ê´óµçÍø»áÒé(CIGRE)·×·×ÍƳöÁË×Ô¼ºµÄг²¨±ê×¼¡£ÎÒ*Õþ¸®Ò²·Ö±ðÓÚ1984ÄêºÍ1993ÄêÖƶ¨ÁËÏÞÖÆг²¨µÄÓйع涨¡£
µçÁ¦µç×ÓÆ÷¼þÆÕ¼°Ó¦ÓÃÖ®ºó£¬ÔËÓÃÓÐÔ´µçÁ¦Â˲¨Æ÷½øÐÐг²¨²¹³¥³ÉΪÖØÒª·½Ïò¡£ÆäÔÀíÊÇ£¬´Ó²¹³¥¶ÔÏóÖÐ*²â³öг²¨µçÁ÷£¬È»ºó²úÉú*¸öÓë¸Ãг²¨µçÁ÷´óСÏàµÈ*ÐÔÏà·´µÄ²¹³¥µçÁ÷£¬´Ó¶øʹµçÍøµçÁ÷Ö»º¬Óлù²¨·ÖÁ¿¡£ÕâÖÖÂ˲¨Æ÷ÄܶÔƵÂʺͷùÖµ¶¼±ä»¯µÄг²¨½øÐиú×Ù²¹³¥£¬ÇÒ²¹³¥ÌØÐÔ²»ÊܵçÍø×迹µÄÓ°Ïì¡£ËüÒѵõ½ÈËÃǵÄÖØÊÓ£¬²¢½«Öð²½ÍƹãÓ¦ÓᣠСÈÝÁ¿±äÁ÷Æ÷ΪÁËʵÏÖµÍг²¨ºÍ¸ß¹¦ÂÊÒòÊý£¬*°ã²ÉÓöþ*¹ÜÕûÁ÷¼ÓPWMÕ¶²¨£¬³£³Æ֮Ϊ¹¦ÂÊÒòÊýУÕý(PEC)¡£µäÐ͵ĵç·ÓÐÉýѹÐÍ¡¢½µÑ¹ÐÍ¡¢Éý½µÑ¹Ð͵ȡ£
(1) ʵÏÖÁãµçÁ÷¿ª¹Ø(ZCS)ºÍÁãµçѹ¿ª¹Ø(ZVS)µÄ·½·¨:
(2)Ä¿Ç°½Ï³£ÓõÄÈí¿ª¹Ø¼¼Êõ
3.3 ¹¦ÂÊÒòÊý²¹³¥ |